Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacists in Pakistan regarding pharmaceutical product recall

Abstract

Pharmaceutical product recalls are essential for safeguarding public health by removing defective, unsafe, or substandard medicines from circulation. Pharmacists play a key role in identifying, communicating, and managing recalled products; however, evidence regarding their preparedness in Pakistan remains limited. A cross-sectional KAP survey was conducted among pharmacists working in clinical, industrial, hospital, community, retail, and academic settings across Pakistan. A structured and internally validated questionnaire assessed participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to pharmaceutical product recalls. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, and correlation analyses were performed. A total of 106 pharmacists participated, including 49.1% males and 50.9% females. Most respondents demonstrated good awareness regarding recall definitions, recall classifications, and the importance of timely communication during recalls. More than 95% supported immediate recalls for safety concerns, while 97.2% emphasized timely communication with healthcare professionals and the public. Despite positive knowledge and attitudes, practical exposure was limited, with only one participant reporting direct experience handling a recall. Approximately 38.7% reported never receiving recall-related information from authorities or manufacturers. Significant differences were observed in knowledge scores across gender (p = 0.004) and practice scores across professional domains (p = 0.034). Positive correlations were identified between knowledge, attitude, and practice scores. Pakistani pharmacists demonstrated good knowledge and positive attitudes toward pharmaceutical product recalls; however, practical engagement and communication systems remain inadequate. Strengthening recall reporting systems, communication channels, and practical training may improve recall preparedness and patient safety outcomes.